Abstract: Fungi Parasites

\n\nThere ar about 100,000 species of kingdom Fungi, unlike in sort and structure. Among the fungus kingdom meet microscopic bothy blue organisms and giant. livelinessspan fungi - from several long time to decades.\nMushrooms are everyday in all geographical areas of the Earth, in the forests and fields in the soil and in the water on the walls and in the ashes of determines and animals.\nMushrooms - heterotrophs (ie, they need constitutive(a) carbon sources) with spongy type of food. Digestion extra stallular, allocated by using enzymes externally, which provides denseness of nutrients finishedout the carcass surface by osmosis.\nMushrooms - aerobic, entirely few of them, such(prenominal) as yeast, can arrive at energy from fermentation. whatever righttled in the dead frame of adjusts and animals (Erysipelothrix), others are feed by sustentation organisms ( parazoans), third (symbionts) concern in the founding of two alpha symbioses - mycorrhizae and liche ns.\nParasitic fungi fix a small occur of enzymes and therefore whitethorn affect only certain species of plants and animals, and sometimes only a few of their varieties. much(prenominal) confinement to a rigorously be substrates called specialization.\nAmong the fungi have obligate and facultative parasites. Obligate parasites, such as muchnerosnye, rust fungus and smut fungi, branded nature, have a small club of owners, they need a specific set of nutrients. In plant fungal hyphae dawn the wound, stoma or directly through with(predicate) the cuticle and epidermis. here(predicate) hyphae branching conk along mezhkletochnikam or secrete enzymes pectinase, which crush the intercellular substance, loss the way through the mushroom plant tissue. To penetrate into the sustainment cells of the plant and the assiduity of these foods on hyphae make suckers - Haustorium that enter the cell without killing it and destroying plasmolemma. Life dependent parasite heart of the ho st. Their in versionation cycles are strictly coordinated with the life of the host. By the finish of the host fungus manages to form stable commonly overwintering spores.